Diaper Rash in Babies: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Reviewed by Dr Asma

Almost every baby gets a red, sore bottom at some point. Diaper rash is one of the most common skin problems in infants, and it can make even the calmest baby cry at nappy changes. The good news is that most cases are mild and clear within a few days when you change the way you care for the area. This guide explains why it happens, how to treat it at home, and when to ask your paediatrician for help.

What is diaper rash?

Diaper rash, also called nappy rash, is irritated skin in the area covered by the diaper. It usually looks red or pink, slightly shiny, and may feel warm. In more severe cases there can be small bumps, open sore patches or peeling skin. It is most common between about 9 and 12 months, but it can affect newborns and toddlers too.

Main causes

• Wetness and stool. Urine and stool stay in contact with delicate skin, and the acids in them irritate it.
• Friction. A tight diaper or rough wipes rub the skin.
• Infrequent changes. Long gaps between changes, especially overnight, raise the risk.
• New foods. When a baby starts solids, stools change and can irritate the skin.
• Diarrhoea or antibiotics. Both can upset the balance of germs and increase rashes.
• Allergy or sensitivity. Some wipes, soaps, creams and diaper brands may trigger redness.
• Yeast infection. A bright red rash with small red dots around the edges, which stays in the skin folds, may be a fungal infection and needs proper treatment.

How to treat diaper rash at home

1. Change often. Check the diaper every two to three hours in the daytime and change it as soon as it is wet or soiled. For a baby with a rash, do not wait for the diaper to feel heavy.

2. Clean gently. Use lukewarm water and a soft cloth or cotton wool. If you use wipes, choose fragrance free, alcohol free ones. Pat dry, never rub. You can find options in our diapers and wipes section.

3. Let the skin breathe. Give your baby some nappy free time on a soft towel during the day. Air is one of the best healers for sore skin.

4. Use a barrier cream. After every change, apply a thick layer of a protective cream or ointment on clean, dry skin. This forms a shield against moisture. Ask your doctor or pharmacist which product is best for your baby, and browse the baby skin and bath care range.

5. Choose the right size and type. A diaper that is too tight rubs the skin, while one that is too loose leaks. Move up a size if you see red marks at the waist or thighs.

What to avoid

• Talcum powder. Baby powder can be inhaled and may cake in skin folds.
• Scented soaps, bubble baths and strong wipes.
• Scrubbing hard at stuck on stool. Use a little oil or water to loosen it.
• Using adult creams, steroid creams or antifungal creams without medical advice.

How to prevent diaper rash

Prevention is mostly about keeping the area clean and dry. Change diapers quickly, apply barrier cream at every change if your baby is prone to rashes, wash your hands before and after, and let the skin dry fully before closing the diaper. If you use cloth nappies, wash them in a mild detergent and rinse well. Many parents also keep a stock of baby essentials at home so they never run short at night. Orders above Rs 10,000 qualify for free delivery, and you can see the full baby shop.

When to see a doctor

Contact your paediatrician if the rash does not improve after three or four days, if it spreads, if there are blisters, pus or open sores, if your baby has a fever, or if the rash is bright red with spots in the skin folds. Also see a doctor if your baby is under six weeks old. A baby with a fever should be assessed, and our guide on fever in children explains what to watch for. If your baby also has loose motions, read about diarrhoea in children, ORS and zinc.

Frequently asked questions

Is diaper rash a sign of poor hygiene?

No. Even very well cared for babies get it. It is mainly caused by moisture and friction.

How long does diaper rash last?

Mild rashes usually improve in two to four days with good care. Rashes caused by yeast can last longer and need treatment.

Should I stop using diapers completely?

Not necessarily. Short breaks without a diaper help, and the rest of the time use breathable, well fitting diapers and change them often.

Can I use coconut oil?

Some parents find a thin layer helpful, but it is not as protective as a proper barrier cream. Stop if it seems to irritate the skin.

Does teething cause diaper rash?

Many parents notice a link, probably because stools can change around that time. It is not proven, so focus on keeping the skin clean and dry.

Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor or pharmacist before starting or changing any treatment.